The Stone Mask is an ancient artifact that turns its wearer into a Vampire, and it sets the entire Joestar saga in motion. First used in dark Aztec rites, one such mask transforms Dio Brando in Phantom Blood, and Battle Tendency later reveals that the Pillar Man Kars forged them all.
These relics surface across the first two arcs of the series, having begun as instruments of sacrifice among vampiric cults buried inside the Aztec world. George Joestar I mounted one on a wall of his estate as a curiosity, never guessing it would hand Dio Brando a Vampire's long life and a grip on the family that lasts for generations. Sculpted to resemble a stern male face with slanted eye slits, full lips, and small fangs, the mask carries a ridge that climbs the brow into a spiral. The copy George owned bore four cryptic lines of script on its inner forehead, while the one Kars remade holds a hollow shaped to seat the Red Stone of Aja.
Blood is the trigger. The instant it touches the mask, stone tendrils shoot from the rim and drive into the wearer's skull, seeking exact points in the brain in a manner likened to acupuncture. A human who survives is freed from ordinary limits and gains tremendous power. By Speedwagon's account the transformed can leap several meters, strike with thousands of kilograms of force, and triple their leg strength, yet their body counts as dead and grows fatally vulnerable to sunlight and the Ripple, which is what brands them Vampires. An aged wearer such as Straizo is also restored to his prime.
For the Pillar Men the outcome differs. The plain mask grants body control and near-invulnerability but demands ever more life energy, so Kars devised a version fitted with the Red Stone. Triggered by fierce light rather than blood, that upgraded mask fully pierces a Pillar Man's skull and delivers the reverse of the usual curse, complete immunity to the Sun, mastery of the Ripple, and free reshaping of the body at the cellular level. The mask shatters once its work is done.
Dio Brando is the first to exploit a mask, stabbing George and using the blood to activate it upon himself before rising as a Vampire. Straizo dons one during Battle Tendency to reclaim his youth and strength. Kars, the mind behind the whole design, keeps his customized mask through a long hunt for the Red Stone and finally combines the two to ascend into the ultimate being. Long before any of them, the father of Will Zeppeli unearthed a mask from Aztec ruins, wore it, butchered his crew, and perished in the sunlight.

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A Stone Mask turns its wearer into a Vampire. The instant blood touches the mask, stone tendrils shoot from its rim and drive into the wearer's skull, and a survivor gains tremendous power at the cost of becoming fatally vulnerable to sunlight.
No. The Pillar Man Kars is revealed to have forged the Stone Masks, not Santana.
Blood is the trigger for a standard Stone Mask. The instant blood touches it, tendrils shoot from the rim and drive into precise points in the wearer's brain.
Dio Brando is the first to exploit a Stone Mask, stabbing George Joestar and using the blood to activate it upon himself before rising as a Vampire.
A human who survives a Stone Mask is freed from ordinary limits, able to leap several meters and strike with thousands of kilograms of force, but their body counts as dead and grows fatally vulnerable to sunlight and the Ripple.
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